An extensive research project spearheaded by experts from Yale University has shed new light on the biology of marijuana use by analyzing the genomes of over a million people. This pivotal study also delves into its ties with different psychiatric disorders, the inclination to misuse substances like tobacco, and the heightened risk of lung cancer linked to marijuana usage.
In this research, the team scrutinized a genome-wide array of genetic variations in subjects from diverse ancestral backgrounds who participated in the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs’ Million Veteran Program, one of the largest genetic repositories globally. The study incorporated data from several other genomic databases as well. This led to the identification of numerous genetic variations connected to marijuana use and a range of related behavioral and health issues.
Exploring the Hazards of Cannabis Consumption
Directed by Daniel Levey, assistant professor of psychiatry, and Joel Gelernter, a notable professor of psychiatry, genetics, and neuroscience, the findings were published in the Nature Genetics journal on November 20. The study was pivotal in enhancing the understanding of the disorder’s biology, which can inform the public about the risks involved in cannabis use, as highlighted by Levey.
Cannabis remains the most widely used illegal drug in the United States, with over 48 million Americans (18% of the population) using it at least once in 2019, as reported by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Previous studies indicate that approximately one-third of cannabis users may develop cannabis use disorder, characterized by a problematic pattern of use causing significant impairment or distress.
Genetic Insights and Health Implications of Cannabis Use
The study’s novel findings provide a deeper understanding of the genetic underpinnings of cannabis use and its associated health risks.
Significantly, the research uncovered that gene variants related to three different neuron receptors are linked to an increased risk of cannabis use disorder. These variants were also found to be associated with the development of lung cancer, although further research is necessary to differentiate the impacts of tobacco use and other environmental factors from those of cannabis use.
“This comprehensive genome-wide study on cannabis use disorder is unprecedented, and with the evolving legal status of marijuana, such research is critical to comprehend the public health implications of its widespread use,” stated Gelernter.
Reference: “Multi-ancestry genome-wide association study of cannabis use disorder yields insight into disease biology and public health implications” by Daniel F. Levey, et al., 20 November 2023, Nature Genetics.
DOI: 10.1038/s41588-023-01563-z
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